This wonderful image, shows, in part, why chip design and fabrication takes time to develop as said tech is the most complex entity man has ever created on planet earth. From this perspective, at this point in time, Taiwan's TMSC is the mother load of chip manufacturing, a company China desperately wants as China cannot design chips at this level of sophistication thanks to ASML, the one essential needed to create state of the art technology used by virtually every major computer manufacturer in the world.
Despite years of effort, China hasn’t made much progress in narrowing -- let alone closing -- the gap with the West. Chip-making machinery is still dominated by Dutch firm ASML, despite the efforts of state science institutions and firms like Naura Technology Group Co. to design rival lithography machines. Japanese firms still control the supply of photoresists, a key chemical. Though tech giants such as Huawei drove intense research of local alternatives to US hardware, the country still relies on imports to meet the majority of its $155 billion in annual chip needs.
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